![]() ![]() Intravenous injection and intrathecal injection are less invasive than intramedullary injection. Intravenous, intrathecal and direct intramedullary injection are representative methods for transplantation of stem cells. 51) reported BM MSCs transplantation therapy in patients with SCI into the site of SCI and six of ten patients showed motor improvement of the upper extremities.Īdministration route and location of injectionĭetermining the appropriate transplantation route for stem cells is important for the treatment efficacy. Therefore, there have been many clinical studies using BM MCSs than other cell treatments. 45) In addition, BM MSCs can be harvested from BM at the bedside and the use of MSCs can overcome ethical problems or rejection complications because MSCs are extracted from the patients' own BM. 27, 61) The activation of intramedullary endogenous stem cell was known to occur by BM MSCs. 1, 46) Moreover, implanted BM MSCs can fill the cavity produced by the trauma in the spinal cord, producing bridge materials, enhancing axonal regeneration through the cavity. 9) In addition, BM MSCs not only enhance neuronal protection but also reduce the inflammation and microglial reactivity by immunosuppressive feature. Here, the authors review the overview of SCI and consideration for current aspects of clinical stem cell therapy.īone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM MSCs)īM MSCs are multipotent progenitor cells which have the facility to differentiate into mesodermal lineages and induce trophic activities related to neural cells. Therefore, there have been many clinical trials using stem cell to regenerate damaged spinal cord. This environment pre-vents axons regeneration across the site of SCI. After SCI, various unfavorable environments for recovery including release of inhibitory molecules and glial scar formation were reported. 18, 47) Over the past decades, numerous treatments including medication, surgery, and rehabilitation therapy for SCI have been performed, but there were no sovereign treatment options for chronic SCI. 11) Most of the SCI patients are young men and the highest incidence of SCI is to individuals in the age range of 20 to 29. 3, 19, 54) The primary causes of SCI by trauma are motor vehicle accidents, falls, violence, sports injuries, and industry-related injuries. 70) As a result, severe disability and medical costs has become a burden to the patients with SCI, their families and community. A recent review of SCI shows an incidence of average 29.5 cases per million per year and more than one million patients suffer from paralysis caused by SCI. Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a catastrophic disaster which can result in irreversible severe disability including motor and sensory loss. Despite various challenging issues, stem cell therapy will open new perspectives for SCI treatment. ![]() Diffusion tensor imaging visualizing white matter tract can be also alternative option to identify neuronal regeneration. Neurological examination, electrophysiologic studies, and magnetic resonance imaging are commonly used to assess the effectiveness of treatment. The result of the current research showed that direct intramedullary injection to the injured spinal cord site in subacute phase is most effective. Among various types of stem cells, bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells is highly expected as candidates for the stem cell therapy. Therefore, new treatment trials with stem cells have been studied to regenerate injured spinal cord. Over the past decades, various treatments including medication, surgery, and rehabilitation therapy for SCI have been performed, but there were no definite treatment option to improve neurological function of patients with chronic SCI. ![]() Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a catastrophic condition associated with significant neurological deficit, social, and financial burdens. ![]()
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